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1 Belém, Tower of
Built during the country's early imperial age when Portugal was a world maritime power, the Tower of Belém (Torre do Belém) in Lisbon was constructed as a defense against maritime attack in the Tagus River. This historic stone tower, one of Portugal's most perfect Manueline architectural style monument-treasures, was begun in 1515 by order of King Manuel I. The first architect was the military architect Francisco Arruda, and the tower was built in the River Tagus.With changes in tides, time, and the shoreline since, the tower today rests close to the Belém shoreline. The tower was built to accommodate a garrison, a prison, and artillery to ward off pirates and other raiders coming from the Atlantic up the Tagus River. Eclectic in architectural style, the tower's styles include Roman-Gothic and Manu-eline, with touches of Venetian and Moroccan influence. Located not far from the massive Monastery of Jerónimos convent, the tower is square and is surrounded by a polygonal bulwark, as well as by walls facing the Tagus. Centuries after its use in defense had ceased, the tower in its restored state became a memorable symbol of Portugal's Age of Discoveries and expansion, as well as a much-photographed icon in tourist literature. -
2 massief
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3 een massieve toren
een massieve torenVan Dale Handwoordenboek Nederlands-Engels > een massieve toren
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4 grande
adj.1 big, large.este traje me está o me queda grande this suit is too big for meun gran artista a great artistel gran favorito the firm favoriteuna gran figura a big nameuna gran parte de mi trabajo implica… a large part of my job involves…una gran responsabilidad a heavy responsibilitya lo grande in a big way, in stylegrandes almacenes department storeGran Bretaña Great Britainel Gran Cañón the Grand Canyongran danés great Danegran éxito smash (hit) (disco, libro)los Grandes Lagos the Great Lakesla Gran Muralla (China) the Great Wall (of China)el gran público the general public2 old (de edad). (Mexican Spanish, River Plate)3 fantastic(informal). ( River Plate)4 magnus, Mag, magnum.5 grand, formidable, majestical, stately.m.grandee (noble).* * *► adjetivo1 (tamaño) large, big2 (fuerte, intenso) great3 (mayor) grown-up, old, big1 (de elevada jerarquía) great\a lo grande on a grand scale, in a big wayestar grande una cosa a alguien to be too big on somebodypasarlo en grande familiar to have a great timevivir a lo grande figurado to live in style* * *adj.1) big2) large3) great* * *1. ADJ( antes de sm sing gran)1) [de tamaño] big, large; [de estatura] big, tall; [número, velocidad] high, greatviven en una casa muy grande — they live in a very big o large house
¿cómo es de grande? — how big o large is it?, what size is it?
en cantidades más grandes — in larger o greater quantities
grandísimo — enormous, huge
un esfuerzo grandísimo — an enormous effort, a huge effort
¡grandísimo tunante! — you old rogue!
hacer algo a lo grande — to do sth in style, make a splash doing sth *
2) (=importante) [artista, hazaña] great; [empresa] bighay una diferencia no muy grande — there is not a very big o great difference
3) (=mucho, muy) greatse estrenó con gran éxito — it was a great success, it went off very well
4) [en edad](=mayor)ya eres grande, Raúl — you are a big boy now, Raúl
¿qué piensas hacer cuando seas grande? — what do you want to do when you grow up?
5)¡qué grande! — Arg * how funny!
2. SMF1) (=personaje importante)2) LAm (=adulto) adult3. SF1) Arg [de lotería] first prize, big prize2) And ** (=cárcel) clink **, jail* * *I1)a) ( en dimensiones) large, big; <boca/nariz> bigb) ( en demasía) too bigme queda or me está grande — it's too big for me
quedarle grande a alguien — puesto/responsabilidad to be too much for somebody
2) ( alto) tall3) (Geog)4) ( en edad)los más grandes pueden ir solos — the older o bigger ones can go on their own
5) (delante del n)a) (notable, excelente) greatun gran hombre/vino — a great man/wine
b) ( poderoso) big6)a) (en intensidad, grado) greatme llevé un susto más grande...! — I got such a fright!
una temporada de gran éxito — a very o a highly successful season
b) ( uso enfático)7)la gran parte or mayoría de los votantes — the great o vast majority of the voters
b) ( elevado)a gran velocidad — at high o great speed
en grande: lo pasamos en grande — we had a great time (colloq)
•IImasculino, femenino1) (de la industria, el comercio) big o leading name2)a) ( mayor)quiero ir con los grandes — I want to go with the big boys/girls
b) ( adulto)•* * *= vast [vaster -comp., vastest -sup.], big [bigger -comp., biggest -sup.], bulky, considerable, deep [deeper -comp., deepest -sup.], extensive, great [greater -comp., greatest -sup.], heavy [heavier -comp., heaviest -sup.], high [higher -comp., highest -sup.], huge, large [larger -comp., largest -sup.], large scale [large-scale], tremendous, wide [wider -comp., widest -sup.], goodly [goodlier -comp., goodliest -sup.], abysmal, heavyweight [heavy weight], broad [broader -comp., broadest -sup.], of the highest order.Ex. If you add to this other access points, such as collections housed in old people's homes or day centres, prisons, hospitals, youth clubs, playgroups etc the coverage is vast.Ex. Fiction is a big item for children and also just for ordinary public library users.Ex. Like all enumerative schedules, the LC schedules are bulky, extending to some 8000 pages.Ex. The need to become familiar with different command languages for different hosts is a considerable barrier to effective retrieval.Ex. The world's largest processing department's plans and policies are always of deep interest.Ex. The minutely detailed classification is of the type appropriate to an extensive collection.Ex. Clearly, great variations can be expected between different indexing languages for different databases.Ex. In fact, the area was well served by a very good neighbourhood advice centre which had a heavy workload of advice and information-giving.Ex. Lower specificity will be associated with lower precision but high recall.Ex. A user searching for Smith's 'History as Argument' who was not sure under which subject it would be entered, would have to prowl through a huge number of cards in a card catalog to find the entry under SMITH.Ex. Serial searching for a string of characters is usually performed on a small subset of a large file.Ex. It is in the development of such large-scale services that problems are seen most acutely.Ex. There has been tremendous growth in libraries since then, but, fundamentally, it has been possible to build on the foundation that nineteenth-century heroes constructed.Ex. The method is sufficiently flexible to allow for wide modifications.Ex. However, we must not forget the book which the critics acclaim and which also sells in goodly numbers.Ex. The major problem encountered in encouraging young adults to use public libraries is the abysmal lack of specialist young adult librarians = El principal problema que se encuentra para es incentivar a los jóvenes a usar las bibliotecas públicas es la enorme falta de bibliotecarios especialistas en temas relacionados con los adolescentes.Ex. Heavyweight information technology firms such as IBM are appearing in the market and challenging traditional players.Ex. In 'upper town' streets are broad, quiet, and tree-shaded; the homes are tall and heavy and look like battleships, each anchored in its private sea of grass.Ex. I've got to tell you, and I do say this affectionately, but we're talking about a geek of the highest order.----* a grandes rasgos = broadly, rough draft.* a gran escala = large scale [large-scale], massive, on a wide scale, high-volume, wide-scale, on a broad scale, in a big way, on a grand scale.* a gran velocidad = at great speed.* a lo grande = in a big way, big time, grandly, on a grand scale.* armar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons.* a un gran coste = at (a) great expense.* avanzar con gran dificultad = grind on.* bastante grande = largish.* calabacín grande = marrow, marrow squash.* causar una gran sensación = make + a splash.* causar un gran alboroto = make + a splash.* causar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons, make + a splash.* celebrar a lo grande = make + a song and dance about.* con gran capacidad = capacious.* con gran colorido = brightly coloured.* con gran densidad de población = densely populated.* con gran dificultad = with great difficulty.* con gran esplendor = grandly.* con gran iluminación = brightly illuminated.* con gran motivación = highly-motivated.* con gran sentimiento = earnestly.* conseguir en gran medida + Infinitivo = go + a long way (towards/to/in) + Gerundio.* contribuir en gran medida a + Infinitivo = go + a long way (towards/to/in) + Gerundio, go far in + Gerundio, go far towards + Gerundio.* con una gran cultura = well-read.* con una gran diferencia = by a huge margin.* con una gran tradición = long-standing.* con un gran número de lectores = widely-read.* con un gran suspiro = with a deep sigh.* convertirse en un gran problema = grow to + a crisis.* correr un gran riesgo = play (for) + high stakes.* crear con gran destreza = craft.* dar un gran paso adelante = reach + milestone.* de gran ahorro energético = energy-saving.* de gran belleza = scenic.* de gran calibre = high-calibre.* de gran calidad = high-quality, high-grade [high grade], high-calibre.* de gran capacidad = large-capacity, high capacity.* de gran colorido = brightly coloured.* de gran corazón = big-hearted.* de gran efecto = wide-reaching.* de gran éxito comercial = high selling.* de gran formato = oversized.* de gran impacto = high impact [high-impact].* de gran influencia = seminal.* de gran lucidez = clear-sighted.* de gran lujo = top-class.* de gran potencia = high-powered.* de gran repercusión = far-reaching, wide-reaching, far-ranging.* de gran talento = talented.* de gran valor = highly valued, highly valuable.* de gran valor histórico = of great historical value.* de gran venta = high selling.* demasiado grande = oversized.* describir a grandes rasgos = paint + a broad picture.* desplazarse grandes distancias = travel + long distances.* ejercer una gran influencia en = play + a strong hand in.* el gran hermano = big brother.* el todo es más grande que la suma de sus partes = the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.* empresa de grandes derroches = high roller.* en gran cantidad = prodigiously.* en grandes cantidades = en masse, in good number, in bulk.* en grandes números = in record numbers, in record numbers.* en gran formato = oversize, oversized.* en gran medida = by and large, extensively, greatly, heavily, largely, to a considerable extent, to a high degree, to a large extent, tremendously, vastly, very much, to a great extent, in no small way, to any great degree, in many ways, in large part, in large measure, in no small measure, to a large degree, to a great degree.* en gran número = numerously.* en gran parte = largely, in large part, in large measure, for the most part, to a great extent, to a great degree.* en un gran aprieto = in dire straits.* en un gran apuro = in dire straits.* esperar una (gran) sorpresa = be in for a (big) surprise.* expresión típica de Gran Bretaña = Briticism.* extra grande = extra-large.* gestión de grandes extensiones para la cría de ganado = range management.* gran altura = high altitude.* gran aumento = heavy increase.* gran bebedor = heavy drinker.* gran belleza = scenic beauty.* Gran Bretaña = Britain, Great Britain.* gran calidad = high standard.* gran cantidad de = large crop of, mass of.* gran categoría = high standard.* gran cosa = big deal.* gran danés = Great Dane.* Gran Depresión, la = Depression, the, Great Depression, the.* grandes almacenes = department store.* grandes cantidades de = storerooms of, huge numbers of, huge numbers of, great numbers of.* grandes escritores, los = great imaginative writers, the.* grandes robles nacen de pequeñas bellotas = great oaks from little acorns grow.* grandes sumas de dinero = vast sums of money.* grande superficie = shopping mall, shopping complex, shopping centre.* grandes y pequeños = great and small.* grande y tenebroso = cavernous.* gran ducado = grand-duchy.* gran espectáculo = extravaganza.* gran extensión de tierra dedicada a la cría de animales de pasto = rangeland.* gran grupo = constellation.* gran mentira = big fat lie.* gran nivel = high standard.* gran número de = great numbers of.* gran pantalla de televisión = large-screen television.* gran parte = much.* gran parte de = much of.* gran peso = heavy weight.* gran placer = great pleasure.* gran potencia = great power.* gran salto adelante = giant leap, great leap forward.* gran tiburón blanco = great white shark.* gran titular = headline banner.* hacer grandes esfuerzos por = take + (great) pains to.* hacer grandes progresos = make + great strides.* hacer un gran esfuerzo = go out of + Posesivo + way to + Infinitivo.* hacer un gran negocio = make + a killing.* IGE (Integración a Gran Escala) = LSI (Large Scale Integration).* influir en gran medida = become + a force.* jaula grande para pájaros = aviary.* jugador de grandes apuestas = high roller.* la Gran Manzana = the Big Apple.* la gran mayoría de = the vast majority of, the bulk of.* levantar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons.* llevarse una (gran) sorpresa = be in for a (big) surprise.* lo suficientemente grande = large enough, big enough.* más grande = greater.* muy grande = big time.* Nombre + a gran escala = broad scale + Nombre.* no ser gran cosa = not add up to much, add up to + nothing.* no ser una gran pérdida = be no great loss.* no significar gran cosa = not add up to much.* no suponer gran cosa = not add up to much.* no valer gran cosa = be no great shakes.* pago único y bien grande = fat lump sum.* para + Posesivo + gran sorpresa = much to + Posesivo + surprise.* pasarlo a lo grande = have + a ball, have + a whale of a time.* pasarlo en grande = have + a ball, have + a whale of a time.* pasárselo en grande = enjoy + every minute of, love + every minute of it.* Pedro el Grande = Peter the Great.* pensar a lo grande = think + big.* Pie Grande = Bigfoot, Sasquatch.* por un gran margen = by a huge margin.* producir con gran destreza = craft.* provocar un gran alboroto = make + a splash.* provocar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons.* que le presta gran importancia a la cultura = culture-conscious.* recorrer grandes distancias = travel + long distances.* revista que tiene una gran demanda popular = mass-market journal.* ser de gran ayuda para = be a boon to.* ser de gran beneficio para = be of great benefit to.* ser una gran ayuda = be a tower of strength.* ser un gran alivio = be a welcome relief.* ser un gran apoyo = be a tower of strength.* ser un gran avance = be half the battle.* ser un gran paso adelante = be half the battle.* taza grande = mug.* tener en gran estima = have + a very high regard for.* tener gran éxito = hit + a home run, hit it out of + the park, knock it out of + the park.* tener gran importancia = be of high significance.* tener gran repercusión = be far reaching.* tener una gran tradición = have + a long ancestry.* tener un gran impacto = have + a big impact.* tomar un gran riesgo = play (for) + high stakes.* una gran cantidad de = a good deal of, a great deal of, a large degree of, a mass of, a plethora of, a supply of, a vast amount of, a city of, a wealth of, a sea of, a cascade of, an army of, a good many, a huge number of, a great number of, a multitude of, scores of, a host of, a vast corpus of, a whole host of.* una gran cantidad y variedad de = a wealth and breadth of.* una gran diversidad de = a wide range of, a broad variety of, a wide variety of, a broad range of.* una gran experiencia = a wealth of experience.* una gran extensión de = a sea of.* una gran gama de = a wide range of, a rich tapestry of, a wide band of, a broad variety of, a wide variety of, a broad range of, a whole gamut of.* una gran mayoría de = a large proportion of.* una gran parte de = a broad population of, a lion's share of.* una gran pérdida = a great loss.* una gran proporción de = a large proportion of.* una gran variedad de = a wide range of, a multiplicity of, a rich tapestry of, a plurality of, a broad variety of, a broad range of, a whole gamut of.* un gran espectro de = a wide band of.* un gran número de = a good deal of, a great deal of, a plethora of, a wide range of, a full roster of, a fair number of, a great number of, a broad variety of, a wide variety of, a broad range of, a vast corpus of.* un gran repertorio de = an arsenal of, an armoury of [armory].* un gran volumen de = a vast corpus of.* venirle Algo grande a Alguien = get + too big for + Posesivo + breeches.* WAN (red de gran alcance) = WAN (wide area network).* * *I1)a) ( en dimensiones) large, big; <boca/nariz> bigb) ( en demasía) too bigme queda or me está grande — it's too big for me
quedarle grande a alguien — puesto/responsabilidad to be too much for somebody
2) ( alto) tall3) (Geog)4) ( en edad)los más grandes pueden ir solos — the older o bigger ones can go on their own
5) (delante del n)a) (notable, excelente) greatun gran hombre/vino — a great man/wine
b) ( poderoso) big6)a) (en intensidad, grado) greatme llevé un susto más grande...! — I got such a fright!
una temporada de gran éxito — a very o a highly successful season
b) ( uso enfático)7)la gran parte or mayoría de los votantes — the great o vast majority of the voters
b) ( elevado)a gran velocidad — at high o great speed
en grande: lo pasamos en grande — we had a great time (colloq)
•IImasculino, femenino1) (de la industria, el comercio) big o leading name2)a) ( mayor)quiero ir con los grandes — I want to go with the big boys/girls
b) ( adulto)•* * *= vast [vaster -comp., vastest -sup.], big [bigger -comp., biggest -sup.], bulky, considerable, deep [deeper -comp., deepest -sup.], extensive, great [greater -comp., greatest -sup.], heavy [heavier -comp., heaviest -sup.], high [higher -comp., highest -sup.], huge, large [larger -comp., largest -sup.], large scale [large-scale], tremendous, wide [wider -comp., widest -sup.], goodly [goodlier -comp., goodliest -sup.], abysmal, heavyweight [heavy weight], broad [broader -comp., broadest -sup.], of the highest order.Ex: If you add to this other access points, such as collections housed in old people's homes or day centres, prisons, hospitals, youth clubs, playgroups etc the coverage is vast.
Ex: Fiction is a big item for children and also just for ordinary public library users.Ex: Like all enumerative schedules, the LC schedules are bulky, extending to some 8000 pages.Ex: The need to become familiar with different command languages for different hosts is a considerable barrier to effective retrieval.Ex: The world's largest processing department's plans and policies are always of deep interest.Ex: The minutely detailed classification is of the type appropriate to an extensive collection.Ex: Clearly, great variations can be expected between different indexing languages for different databases.Ex: In fact, the area was well served by a very good neighbourhood advice centre which had a heavy workload of advice and information-giving.Ex: Lower specificity will be associated with lower precision but high recall.Ex: A user searching for Smith's 'History as Argument' who was not sure under which subject it would be entered, would have to prowl through a huge number of cards in a card catalog to find the entry under SMITH.Ex: Serial searching for a string of characters is usually performed on a small subset of a large file.Ex: It is in the development of such large-scale services that problems are seen most acutely.Ex: There has been tremendous growth in libraries since then, but, fundamentally, it has been possible to build on the foundation that nineteenth-century heroes constructed.Ex: The method is sufficiently flexible to allow for wide modifications.Ex: However, we must not forget the book which the critics acclaim and which also sells in goodly numbers.Ex: The major problem encountered in encouraging young adults to use public libraries is the abysmal lack of specialist young adult librarians = El principal problema que se encuentra para es incentivar a los jóvenes a usar las bibliotecas públicas es la enorme falta de bibliotecarios especialistas en temas relacionados con los adolescentes.Ex: Heavyweight information technology firms such as IBM are appearing in the market and challenging traditional players.Ex: In 'upper town' streets are broad, quiet, and tree-shaded; the homes are tall and heavy and look like battleships, each anchored in its private sea of grass.Ex: I've got to tell you, and I do say this affectionately, but we're talking about a geek of the highest order.* a grandes rasgos = broadly, rough draft.* a gran escala = large scale [large-scale], massive, on a wide scale, high-volume, wide-scale, on a broad scale, in a big way, on a grand scale.* a gran velocidad = at great speed.* a lo grande = in a big way, big time, grandly, on a grand scale.* armar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons.* a un gran coste = at (a) great expense.* avanzar con gran dificultad = grind on.* bastante grande = largish.* calabacín grande = marrow, marrow squash.* causar una gran sensación = make + a splash.* causar un gran alboroto = make + a splash.* causar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons, make + a splash.* celebrar a lo grande = make + a song and dance about.* con gran capacidad = capacious.* con gran colorido = brightly coloured.* con gran densidad de población = densely populated.* con gran dificultad = with great difficulty.* con gran esplendor = grandly.* con gran iluminación = brightly illuminated.* con gran motivación = highly-motivated.* con gran sentimiento = earnestly.* conseguir en gran medida + Infinitivo = go + a long way (towards/to/in) + Gerundio.* contribuir en gran medida a + Infinitivo = go + a long way (towards/to/in) + Gerundio, go far in + Gerundio, go far towards + Gerundio.* con una gran cultura = well-read.* con una gran diferencia = by a huge margin.* con una gran tradición = long-standing.* con un gran número de lectores = widely-read.* con un gran suspiro = with a deep sigh.* convertirse en un gran problema = grow to + a crisis.* correr un gran riesgo = play (for) + high stakes.* crear con gran destreza = craft.* dar un gran paso adelante = reach + milestone.* de gran ahorro energético = energy-saving.* de gran belleza = scenic.* de gran calibre = high-calibre.* de gran calidad = high-quality, high-grade [high grade], high-calibre.* de gran capacidad = large-capacity, high capacity.* de gran colorido = brightly coloured.* de gran corazón = big-hearted.* de gran efecto = wide-reaching.* de gran éxito comercial = high selling.* de gran formato = oversized.* de gran impacto = high impact [high-impact].* de gran influencia = seminal.* de gran lucidez = clear-sighted.* de gran lujo = top-class.* de gran potencia = high-powered.* de gran repercusión = far-reaching, wide-reaching, far-ranging.* de gran talento = talented.* de gran valor = highly valued, highly valuable.* de gran valor histórico = of great historical value.* de gran venta = high selling.* demasiado grande = oversized.* describir a grandes rasgos = paint + a broad picture.* desplazarse grandes distancias = travel + long distances.* ejercer una gran influencia en = play + a strong hand in.* el gran hermano = big brother.* el todo es más grande que la suma de sus partes = the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.* empresa de grandes derroches = high roller.* en gran cantidad = prodigiously.* en grandes cantidades = en masse, in good number, in bulk.* en grandes números = in record numbers, in record numbers.* en gran formato = oversize, oversized.* en gran medida = by and large, extensively, greatly, heavily, largely, to a considerable extent, to a high degree, to a large extent, tremendously, vastly, very much, to a great extent, in no small way, to any great degree, in many ways, in large part, in large measure, in no small measure, to a large degree, to a great degree.* en gran número = numerously.* en gran parte = largely, in large part, in large measure, for the most part, to a great extent, to a great degree.* en un gran aprieto = in dire straits.* en un gran apuro = in dire straits.* esperar una (gran) sorpresa = be in for a (big) surprise.* expresión típica de Gran Bretaña = Briticism.* extra grande = extra-large.* gestión de grandes extensiones para la cría de ganado = range management.* gran altura = high altitude.* gran aumento = heavy increase.* gran bebedor = heavy drinker.* gran belleza = scenic beauty.* Gran Bretaña = Britain, Great Britain.* gran calidad = high standard.* gran cantidad de = large crop of, mass of.* gran categoría = high standard.* gran cosa = big deal.* gran danés = Great Dane.* Gran Depresión, la = Depression, the, Great Depression, the.* grandes almacenes = department store.* grandes cantidades de = storerooms of, huge numbers of, huge numbers of, great numbers of.* grandes escritores, los = great imaginative writers, the.* grandes robles nacen de pequeñas bellotas = great oaks from little acorns grow.* grandes sumas de dinero = vast sums of money.* grande superficie = shopping mall, shopping complex, shopping centre.* grandes y pequeños = great and small.* grande y tenebroso = cavernous.* gran ducado = grand-duchy.* gran espectáculo = extravaganza.* gran extensión de tierra dedicada a la cría de animales de pasto = rangeland.* gran grupo = constellation.* gran mentira = big fat lie.* gran nivel = high standard.* gran número de = great numbers of.* gran pantalla de televisión = large-screen television.* gran parte = much.* gran parte de = much of.* gran peso = heavy weight.* gran placer = great pleasure.* gran potencia = great power.* gran salto adelante = giant leap, great leap forward.* gran tiburón blanco = great white shark.* gran titular = headline banner.* hacer grandes esfuerzos por = take + (great) pains to.* hacer grandes progresos = make + great strides.* hacer un gran esfuerzo = go out of + Posesivo + way to + Infinitivo.* hacer un gran negocio = make + a killing.* IGE (Integración a Gran Escala) = LSI (Large Scale Integration).* influir en gran medida = become + a force.* jaula grande para pájaros = aviary.* jugador de grandes apuestas = high roller.* la Gran Manzana = the Big Apple.* la gran mayoría de = the vast majority of, the bulk of.* levantar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons.* llevarse una (gran) sorpresa = be in for a (big) surprise.* lo suficientemente grande = large enough, big enough.* más grande = greater.* muy grande = big time.* Nombre + a gran escala = broad scale + Nombre.* no ser gran cosa = not add up to much, add up to + nothing.* no ser una gran pérdida = be no great loss.* no significar gran cosa = not add up to much.* no suponer gran cosa = not add up to much.* no valer gran cosa = be no great shakes.* pago único y bien grande = fat lump sum.* para + Posesivo + gran sorpresa = much to + Posesivo + surprise.* pasarlo a lo grande = have + a ball, have + a whale of a time.* pasarlo en grande = have + a ball, have + a whale of a time.* pasárselo en grande = enjoy + every minute of, love + every minute of it.* Pedro el Grande = Peter the Great.* pensar a lo grande = think + big.* Pie Grande = Bigfoot, Sasquatch.* por un gran margen = by a huge margin.* producir con gran destreza = craft.* provocar un gran alboroto = make + a splash.* provocar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons.* que le presta gran importancia a la cultura = culture-conscious.* recorrer grandes distancias = travel + long distances.* revista que tiene una gran demanda popular = mass-market journal.* ser de gran ayuda para = be a boon to.* ser de gran beneficio para = be of great benefit to.* ser una gran ayuda = be a tower of strength.* ser un gran alivio = be a welcome relief.* ser un gran apoyo = be a tower of strength.* ser un gran avance = be half the battle.* ser un gran paso adelante = be half the battle.* taza grande = mug.* tener en gran estima = have + a very high regard for.* tener gran éxito = hit + a home run, hit it out of + the park, knock it out of + the park.* tener gran importancia = be of high significance.* tener gran repercusión = be far reaching.* tener una gran tradición = have + a long ancestry.* tener un gran impacto = have + a big impact.* tomar un gran riesgo = play (for) + high stakes.* una gran cantidad de = a good deal of, a great deal of, a large degree of, a mass of, a plethora of, a supply of, a vast amount of, a city of, a wealth of, a sea of, a cascade of, an army of, a good many, a huge number of, a great number of, a multitude of, scores of, a host of, a vast corpus of, a whole host of.* una gran cantidad y variedad de = a wealth and breadth of.* una gran diversidad de = a wide range of, a broad variety of, a wide variety of, a broad range of.* una gran experiencia = a wealth of experience.* una gran extensión de = a sea of.* una gran gama de = a wide range of, a rich tapestry of, a wide band of, a broad variety of, a wide variety of, a broad range of, a whole gamut of.* una gran mayoría de = a large proportion of.* una gran parte de = a broad population of, a lion's share of.* una gran pérdida = a great loss.* una gran proporción de = a large proportion of.* una gran variedad de = a wide range of, a multiplicity of, a rich tapestry of, a plurality of, a broad variety of, a broad range of, a whole gamut of.* un gran espectro de = a wide band of.* un gran número de = a good deal of, a great deal of, a plethora of, a wide range of, a full roster of, a fair number of, a great number of, a broad variety of, a wide variety of, a broad range of, a vast corpus of.* un gran repertorio de = an arsenal of, an armoury of [armory].* un gran volumen de = a vast corpus of.* venirle Algo grande a Alguien = get + too big for + Posesivo + breeches.* WAN (red de gran alcance) = WAN (wide area network).* * *A1 (en dimensiones) large, bigse mudaron a una casa más grande they moved to a larger o bigger housesus grandes ojos negros her big dark eyesun tipo grande, ancho de hombros a big, broad-shouldered guytiene la boca/nariz grande she has a big mouth/noseabra la boca más grande open wider2 (en demasía) too big¿esto será grande para Daniel? do you think this is too big for Daniel?estos zapatos me quedan or me están grandes these shoes are too big for mequedarle or ( Esp) venirle grande a algn «puesto/responsabilidad» to be too much for sbB (alto) tall¡qué grande está Andrés! isn't Andrés tall!, hasn't Andrés gotten* tall!C ( Geog):el Gran Buenos Aires/Bilbao Greater Buenos Aires/BilbaoD1( esp AmL) ‹niño/chico› (en edad): los más grandes pueden ir solos the older o bigger ones can go on their ownya eres grande y puedes comer solito you're a big boy now and you can feed yourselfcuando sea grande quiero ser bailarina when I grow up I want to be a ballet dancermis hijos ya son grandes my children are all grown up now2está saliendo con un tipo grande she's going out with an older guyE ( delante del n)1 (notable, excelente) greatun gran hombre/artista/vino a great man/artist/winela gran dama del teatro the grande dame of the theater2 (poderoso) biglos grandes bancos/industriales the big banks/industrialistslos grandes señores feudales the great feudal lordsa lo grande in style3(en importancia): son grandes amigos they're great friendsgrandes fumadores heavy smokersF ( fam)(increíble): ¡qué cosa más grande! ¡ya te he dicho 20 veces que no lo sé! this is unbelievable! I've told you 20 times already that I don't know!¿no es grande que ahora me echen la culpa a mí? ( iró); and now they blame me; great, isn't it? ( iro)G1 (en intensidad, grado) greatme causó una gran pena it caused me great sadnessme has dado una gran alegría you have made me very happycomió con gran apetito she ate hungrily o heartilyun día de gran calor a very hot daylos grandes fríos del 47 the great o big freeze of '47me llevé un susto más grande … I got such a frightpara mi gran vergüenza to my great embarrassmentse produjo una gran explosión there was a powerful explosiones un gran honor para mí it is a great honor* for meha sido una temporada de gran éxito it has been a very o a highly successful seasonno corre gran prisa it is not very urgentlas paredes tienen gran necesidad de una mano de pintura the walls are very much in need of a coat of paint2(uso enfático): eso es una gran verdad that is absolutely o very trueeres un grandísimo sinvergüenza you're a real swine ( colloq)ésa es la mentira más grande que he oído that's the biggest lie I've ever heardH1 (en número) ‹familia› large, big; ‹clase› bigla gran mayoría de los votantes the great o vast majority of the votersdedican gran parte de su tiempo a la investigación they devote much of o a great deal of their time to researchesto se debe en gran parte a que … this is largely due to the fact that …2(elevado): a gran velocidad at high o great speedvolar a gran altura to fly at a great heightun edificio de gran altura a very tall buildingun gran número de personas a large number of peopleobjetos de gran valor objects of great valueen grande: lo pasamos or nos divertimos en grande we had a great time ( colloq)Compuestos:masculine wide-angle lensel gran capital big businessmasculine Great Danela Gran Depresión the Great Depression( Astron): la gran explosión the Big Bangla Gran Guerra the Great Warmasculine Big Brotherel gran hermano te observa or te vigila Big Brother is watching youmasculine Grand Mastermasculine grand mastermasculine international grand masterfeminine grand operamasculine Grand Prixel gran público the general publicel gran simpático the sympathetic nervous systemmpl department storemasculine, feminineA (de la industria, el comercio) big o leading name, leading playeruno de los tres grandes de la industria automovilística one of the big three names o one of the big three in the car industryB ( esp AmL)1(mayor): quiero ir con los grandes I want to go with the big boys/girlsla grande ya está casada their eldest (daughter) is already married2 (adulto) grown-upCompuesto:(Spanish) grandee o nobleman( RPl)la grande the big prize, the jackpotsacarse la grande (literal) to win the big prize o the jackpotse sacó la grande con ese marido she hit the jackpot with that husband* * *
grande adjetivo◊ gran is used before singular nouns
1
unos grande almacenes a department store
‹ clase› big;
la gran parte or mayoría the great majority
2
◊ ¡qué grande está Andrés! isn't Andrés tall!b) ( en edad):
ya son grandes they are all grown up now
3 (Geog):
4 ( delante del n)
a lo grande in style
5
‹ explosión› powerful;◊ ¡me llevé un susto más grande … ! I got such a fright!;
una temporada de gran éxito a very o a highly successful season;
son grandes amigos they're great friends;
eso es una gran verdad that is absolutely true;
¡qué mentira más grande! that's a complete lie!b) ( elevado):◊ a gran velocidad at high o great speed;
volar a gran altura to fly at a great height;
un gran número de personas a large number of people;
objetos de gran valor objects of great value;
en grande: lo pasamos en grande we had a great time (colloq)
■ sustantivo masculino, femeninoa) ( mayor):
b) ( adulto):
grande adjetivo
1 (tamaño) big, large
grandes almacenes, department stores
2 (cantidad) large
3 fig (fuerte, intenso) great: es un gran músico, he is a great musician
♦ Locuciones: a lo grande, in style
figurado pasarlo en grande, to have a great time
' grande' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abarcar
- alfombra
- ampliar
- ampliación
- armatoste
- así
- bastante
- bestial
- bloque
- buena
- bueno
- cabezón
- cabezona
- cabezudo
- cajón
- calabacín
- campeonato
- cantidad
- canto
- ciudad
- colosal
- consideración
- fenomenal
- formidable
- gran
- hermosa
- hermoso
- incalculable
- ingeniosa
- ingenioso
- mía
- mío
- monstruosa
- monstruoso
- monumental
- nuestra
- nuestro
- pila
- puerta
- quedar
- señor
- suficientemente
- suma
- sumo
- terraza
- tirada
- tremenda
- tremendo
- venir
- bailar
English:
abnormally
- above
- ample
- army
- awful
- bag
- baggy
- bay
- big
- boat
- border
- box
- breaker
- brush
- bulk
- carve
- cauldron
- cushion
- deposit
- enough
- extend
- grand
- great
- grow
- hers
- in
- integrate
- large
- lion
- manufacturer
- marrow
- mighty
- mine
- outrank
- overgrown
- paving stone
- place
- roller
- set on
- set upon
- slight
- spanking
- style
- tablespoonful
- tea urn
- temptation
- terrific
- time
- to
- tub
* * *♦ adj1. [de tamaño] big, large;el gran Buenos Aires/Santiago greater Buenos Aires/Santiago, the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires/Santiago;Figel cargo le viene grande he's not up to the job;Fampagó con un billete de los grandes he paid with a large notegrandes almacenes department store; Fot gran angular wide-angle lens;la Gran Barrera de Coral the Great Barrier Reef;Gran Bretaña Great Britain;el Gran Cañón (del Colorado) the Grand Canyon;gran danés Great Dane;Hist la Gran Depresión the Great Depression;gran ducado grand duchy;la Gran Explosión the Big Bang;la Gran Guerra the Great War;los Grandes Lagos the Great Lakes;gran maestro [en ajedrez] grand master;Hist Gran Mogol Mogul;la Gran Muralla (China) the Great Wall (of China);Dep Gran Premio Grand Prix; Hist el Gran Salto Adelante the Great Leap Forward;gran simio antropoide great ape;gran slam [en tenis] grand slam;Esp Com gran superficie hypermarket2. [de altura] tall;¡qué grande está tu hermano! your brother's really grown!3. [en importancia] great;una gran mujer a great woman;los grandes bancos the major banks;la gran mayoría está a favor del proyecto the great o overwhelming majority are in favour of the project;el éxito se debe en gran parte a su esfuerzo the success is largely due to her efforts, the success is in no small measure due to her efforts4. [en intensidad] great;es un gran mentiroso he's a real liar;¡qué alegría más grande! what joy!me dijeron que todavía no soy grande como para salir solo they told me I'm not big enough to go out on my own yetsiempre se llevó bien con gente más grande he always got on well with older peopleayer le hice un favor y hoy me vuelve la espalda, ¡grande! great! I did him a favour and now he doesn't want to know!9. CompFamhacer algo a lo grande to do sth in a big way o in style;vivir a lo grande to live in style;pasarlo en grande to have a great time♦ nm1. [noble] grandeeGrande de España = one of highest-ranking members of Spanish nobility2. [persona, entidad importante]uno de los grandes del sector one of the major players in the sector;los tres grandes de la liga the big three in the league;uno de los grandes de la literatura mexicana one of the big names in Mexican literature♦ nfRP [en lotería] first prize, jackpot;se sacó la grande con ese trabajo [tuvo buena suerte] she hit the jackpot with that job;con esa nuera que tiene le tocó la grande [tuvo mala suerte] you've got to feel sorry for her having a daughter-in-law like that♦ interjRP Fam [fantástico] great!* * *I adj1 big, large;me viene grande the jacket is too big for me;el cargo le viene grande the job is too much for him2:a lo grande in style;pasarlo en grande have a great timeII m/f1 L.Am. ( adulto) grown-up, adult;grandes y pequeños young and old2 ( mayor) eldest* * *1) : large, bigun libro grande: a big book2) alto: tall3) notable: greatun gran autor: a great writercon gran placer: with great pleasure5) : old, grown-uphijos grandes: grown children* * *grande adj¿es muy grande el jardín? is the garden very big?2. (número, cantidad) large3. (importante) great -
5 enorme
adj.enormous, huge.* * *► adjetivo1 (grande) enormous, huge, vast2 (desmedido) tremendous, great3 familiar (muy bueno) very good, excellent* * *adj.* * *ADJ1) (=muy grande) enormous, huge2) * (=estupendo) killing *, marvellous* * ** * *= deep [deeper -comp., deepest -sup.], enormous, exponential, extensive, huge, infinite, mammoth, massive, monumental, prodigious, intense, abysmal, Herculean, colossal, of epic proportions, monstrous, a monster of a, Herculanian.Ex. The world's largest processing department's plans and policies are always of deep interest.Ex. In coventional libraries, such searches usually involve an enormous amount of time and energy.Ex. Information technology continues to develop at an exponential rate.Ex. The minutely detailed classification is of the type appropriate to an extensive collection.Ex. A user searching for Smith's 'History as Argument' who was not sure under which subject it would be entered, would have to prowl through a huge number of cards in a card catalog to find the entry under SMITH.Ex. It is still the same inexorably literal logic which must ultimately glance into the chaos, and small differences create infinite displacements between records.Ex. The only problem is the mammoth task of interfiling new cards, especially in catalogues where there are large numbers of new or amended entries.Ex. When the use of all synonymous terms would result in a massive duplication of A/Z subject index entries 'see references' are employed.Ex. She was chairperson of the Task Force that in 1972 wrote a monumental report about discrimination against women in the library profession.Ex. The summation of human experience is being expanded at a prodigious rate, and the means we use for threading through the consequent maze to the momentarily important item is the same as was used in the days of square-rigged ships.Ex. Mexico is undergoing an intense epidemiological transition characterised by a decline in the incidence of infectious diseases and a rapid increase in the importance of chronic illnesses and accidents.Ex. The major problem encountered in encouraging young adults to use public libraries is the abysmal lack of specialist young adult librarians = El principal problema que se encuentra para es incentivar a los jóvenes a usar las bibliotecas públicas es la enorme falta de bibliotecarios especialistas en temas relacionados con los adolescentes.Ex. A task of Herculean proportions is how some members of Senate describe it.Ex. University libraries have a problem in theft of books which is running at a colossal rate.Ex. Even though they are not as long as I think they should be, many of the stories are of epic proportions and many of them are very entertaining.Ex. Bogardus privately resolved that nothing would induce her to assent to this monstrous possibility.Ex. Hurricane Rita became a monster of a storm as it gathered strength over the Gulf of Mexico.Ex. The Ibbs family where founder members of this Herculanian pottery in Liverpool, England.----* boquete enorme = gaping hole.* * ** * *= deep [deeper -comp., deepest -sup.], enormous, exponential, extensive, huge, infinite, mammoth, massive, monumental, prodigious, intense, abysmal, Herculean, colossal, of epic proportions, monstrous, a monster of a, Herculanian.Ex: The world's largest processing department's plans and policies are always of deep interest.
Ex: In coventional libraries, such searches usually involve an enormous amount of time and energy.Ex: Information technology continues to develop at an exponential rate.Ex: The minutely detailed classification is of the type appropriate to an extensive collection.Ex: A user searching for Smith's 'History as Argument' who was not sure under which subject it would be entered, would have to prowl through a huge number of cards in a card catalog to find the entry under SMITH.Ex: It is still the same inexorably literal logic which must ultimately glance into the chaos, and small differences create infinite displacements between records.Ex: The only problem is the mammoth task of interfiling new cards, especially in catalogues where there are large numbers of new or amended entries.Ex: When the use of all synonymous terms would result in a massive duplication of A/Z subject index entries 'see references' are employed.Ex: She was chairperson of the Task Force that in 1972 wrote a monumental report about discrimination against women in the library profession.Ex: The summation of human experience is being expanded at a prodigious rate, and the means we use for threading through the consequent maze to the momentarily important item is the same as was used in the days of square-rigged ships.Ex: Mexico is undergoing an intense epidemiological transition characterised by a decline in the incidence of infectious diseases and a rapid increase in the importance of chronic illnesses and accidents.Ex: The major problem encountered in encouraging young adults to use public libraries is the abysmal lack of specialist young adult librarians = El principal problema que se encuentra para es incentivar a los jóvenes a usar las bibliotecas públicas es la enorme falta de bibliotecarios especialistas en temas relacionados con los adolescentes.Ex: A task of Herculean proportions is how some members of Senate describe it.Ex: University libraries have a problem in theft of books which is running at a colossal rate.Ex: Even though they are not as long as I think they should be, many of the stories are of epic proportions and many of them are very entertaining.Ex: Bogardus privately resolved that nothing would induce her to assent to this monstrous possibility.Ex: Hurricane Rita became a monster of a storm as it gathered strength over the Gulf of Mexico.Ex: The Ibbs family where founder members of this Herculanian pottery in Liverpool, England.* boquete enorme = gaping hole.* * *‹edificio/animal› huge, enormous; ‹aumento/suma› huge, enormous, vast; ‹zona› vast, hugela diferencia es enorme the difference is enormous o hugetiene unas manos enormes he has huge o enormous handssentí una pena enorme I felt tremendously sad o a tremendous sense of sadness* * *
enorme adjetivo ‹edificio/animal/suma› huge, enormous;
‹ zona› vast, huge;
enorme adjetivo enormous, huge: vimos un elefante enorme, we saw an enormous elephant
(de consideración) un enorme error, a clanger
' enorme' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
atroz
- botija
- congratularse
- desnivel
- estrepitosa
- estrepitoso
- satisfacción
- soberana
- soberano
- sofoco
- supina
- supino
English:
effective
- enormous
- face
- gaping
- ginormous
- huge
- immense
- massive
- monstrous
- monumental
- vast
- whopper
- world
- derive
- extreme
- gigantic
- it
- prodigious
- scar
- yawning
* * *enorme adj1. [muy grande] [objeto, persona, cantidad] huge, enormous;[defecto, error] huge;estos animales tienen una enorme capacidad para reproducirse these creatures have an enormous reproductive capacity;una torre de enorme altura an enormously tall tower;tu hijo está ya enorme your son's really huge;le invadía una enorme tristeza he was overcome by a great sadness* * *adj enormous, huge* * *enorme adjinmenso: enormous, huge♦ enormemente adv* * *enorme adj enormous / huge -
6 pilar
m.1 pillar (also figurative).2 Pilar.3 crus, leg-like part.4 abutment.v.to remove the husk of, to remove the hull of, to husk, to hull by pounding.* * *1 pillar* * *noun m.* * *ISM1) (=poste) post, pillar; (=mojón) milestone; [de puente] pier2) (fig) pillar, mainstayIISM [de fuente] basin, bowl* * *IIIlos pilares de la sociedad — the pillars o mainstays of society
* * *= bedrock, cornerstone [corner-stone], keystone, mainstay, pillar, pillar, pier.Ex. We are the bedrock of our profession and the standards that we attain fundamentally affect the status of the profession.Ex. Abstracts are the cornerstone of secondary publications.Ex. These, then, are keystones to labor relations today.Ex. Technology transfers between developed and underdeveloped nations have been the mainstays of economic development for over 30 years.Ex. The layout of the buildings makes it difficult for readers to find their way around and the structural pillars prevent a logical sequence of shelving.Ex. The essential pillars of man's thinking and knowing are the basic concepts which structure all his knowledge.Ex. Finally, the upkeep of these bridges was a massive task requiring the constant removal of sediment from river beds, piers and abutments.----* pilares de la sociedad, los = pillars of society, the.* ser un pilar de fuerza = be a tower of strength.* * *IIIlos pilares de la sociedad — the pillars o mainstays of society
* * *= bedrock, cornerstone [corner-stone], keystone, mainstay, pillar, pillar, pier.Ex: We are the bedrock of our profession and the standards that we attain fundamentally affect the status of the profession.
Ex: Abstracts are the cornerstone of secondary publications.Ex: These, then, are keystones to labor relations today.Ex: Technology transfers between developed and underdeveloped nations have been the mainstays of economic development for over 30 years.Ex: The layout of the buildings makes it difficult for readers to find their way around and the structural pillars prevent a logical sequence of shelving.Ex: The essential pillars of man's thinking and knowing are the basic concepts which structure all his knowledge.Ex: Finally, the upkeep of these bridges was a massive task requiring the constant removal of sediment from river beds, piers and abutments.* pilares de la sociedad, los = pillars of society, the.* ser un pilar de fuerza = be a tower of strength.* * *los pilares de la sociedad the pillars o mainstays of society(en rugby) prop, prop forward* * *
pilar sustantivo femenino (Arquit) pillar, column;
( de puente) pier
■ sustantivo masculino y femenino ( en rugby) prop (forward)
pilar m Arquit pillar
' pilar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
columna
- sostén
- bueno
- también
English:
mainstay
- pillar
- support
* * *♦ nm1. [columna] pillar;[de puente] pier2. [apoyo] pillar;uno de los pilares de la iglesia católica one of the pillars of the Catholic Church3. [mojón] milestone♦ nmf[en rugby] prop pilar derecho tight head prop;pilar izquierdo loose head prop* * *m tb figpillar* * *pilar nm1) : pillar, column2) : support, mainstay* * *pilar n pillar -
7 proporzione
f proportionin proporzione in proportion (a, con to)* * *proporzione s.f.1 proportion; ( rapporto) ratio: le proporzioni di quella statua sono perfette, the proportions of that statue are perfect; non c'è proporzione tra la chiesetta e l'enorme campanile, the little church is out of proportion with the enormous bell tower; non hai il senso delle proporzioni, (fig.), you have no sense of proportion; la proporzione fra le nascite e le morti, the ratio between births and deaths; non c'è proporzione tra il lavoro che fa e lo stipendio che prende, there is no relation between the work he does and his salary // in proporzione, in proportion (o proportionate) (to): i cittadini sono tassati in proporzione al reddito, citizens are taxed in proportion to their income; le spese non sono in proporzione alle entrate, expenditure is out of proportion to income // (mat.): proporzione antecedente, antecedent; proporzione armonica, harmonic ratio; proporzione conseguente, consequent; proporzione diretta, inversa, direct, inverse ratio; estremi, medi di una proporzione, extremes, means of a proportion; termini della proporzione, terms of a proportion2 (chim.) proportion: legge delle proporzioni costanti, multiple, law of constant, multiple proportions3 ( dimensione) proportion, dimension, size: una sala di vaste proporzioni, a hall of vast proportions (o a large hall); un'industria di notevoli proporzioni, an industry of considerable size.* * *[propor'tsjone] 1.sostantivo femminile proportion, ratiola proporzione studenti/insegnanti — the student-teacher ratio, the proportion of students to teachers
in proporzione, sono pagati meglio — they are proportionately better paid
in proporzione di 3 a 5 — in o by a ratio of 3 to 5
2.in proporzione diretta, inversa — mat. in direct, inverse proportion o ratio
sostantivo femminile plurale proporzioni* * *proporzione/propor'tsjone/I sostantivo f.proportion, ratio; la proporzione studenti/insegnanti the student-teacher ratio, the proportion of students to teachers; in proporzione a in proportion to; in proporzione, sono pagati meglio they are proportionately better paid; in proporzione di 3 a 5 in o by a ratio of 3 to 5; in proporzione diretta, inversa mat. in direct, inverse proportion o ratio; non c'è proporzione tra gli sforzi e i risultati the results don't match the effortsII proporzioni f.pl.un edificio dalle -i imponenti a massive building; cambiamenti di vaste -i extensive changes; fatte le debite -i relatively speaking; perdere il senso delle -i to let things get out of perspective. -
8 structure
1) сооружение; конструкция; конструктивная система; строение; здание2) расположение частей; конструкция; устройство3) структура•- airtight structure - alignment structure - all-metal structure - all-veneer structure - all-welded steel structure - angle structure - armocement structure - aseismic structures - avalanche-protection structure - balloon structure - balloon frame structure - basic structure - beam and girder structure - beam and slab structure - beamless plate structure - bearing structure - bearing-wall structure - bedded structure - block structure - box structure - box-like space structure - braced structure - brick structure - brick-veneer structure - bridge structure - building structure - built-up structure - buried structure - cable structures - cable-stayed structures - cage structure - cancelled structure - cast-in-situ structures - cellular structure - classification of structures - coast-protecting structure - community structure - compact structure - compact grain structure - composite structure - concrete structure - concrete-bent structure - concrete gravity structure - concretionary structure - conjugation structure - crest structure - crib structure - cross-wall structure - crystal structure - cubic structure - curved structure - dangerous structure - dead-end structure - deformation of structure - disasterproof structure - double-skin structure - dust-tight structure - earthquakeproof structure - engineering structure - exterior structure - fabricated structure - filler structure - fine structure - fireproof structure - flood-regulating structure - folded plate structure - frame structure - geologic structure - girder structure - girderless structure - glued structure - glued-laminated structure - grade separation structure - grain structure - granular structure - guide structure - hipped-plate structure - historic structure - hollow-wood structure - hydraulic structure - incombustible structure - indeterminate structure - industrial structure - intake structure - jointless structure - ladder structure - lamellar structure - laminated structure - large-panel structures - large-sized block structures - latticed structure - layer-built structure - load-bearing structure - load-carrying structure - lumber core structure - mammoth building structure - masonry structure - mesh structure - metal structure - mixed structure - modular structure - moving-form structure - multi-span structure - non-bearing structure - non-fireproof structure - non-redundant structure - open structure - orbiting structure - pan structure - panelled structure - partially-prestressed composite structure - paste structure - pell-mell structure - permanent structure - plated structure - platform frame structure - porous structure - post and beam structure - post and panel structure - posttensioned structure - pre-assembled member structure - precast structure - precast and cast-in-situ structure - precast concrete structure - precast panel structure - prefabricated structure - prefabricated demountable structures - pre-posttensioned concrete structure - pressurized structure - prestressed structures - pretensioned concrete structures - probabilistic model of structure - protected metal structure - rammed loam structure - redundant structure - reinforced brick structure - reinforced concrete structure - reinforced masonry structure - reliability of structure - residential structures - rigid structure - rigid framed structure - road-mix structure - rumpled structure - sandwich structure - separation structure - shell structure - simple structure - simple in structure - single-grain structure - skeleton structure - slow-burning structure - slow-burning heavy timber structure - soil structure - solid-walled structure - space grid structures - statically determinate structure - statically indeterminate structure - steel structure - steel-frame structure - steel-plate structures - stone structures - stratified structure - supporting structure - suspended structures - temporary structure - thin-shell structure - thin-slab structure - thin-walled structure - tidal-regulating structure - tone structure - tower-base structure - track structure - trussed structure - two-hinged structure - urban spatial structure - veneered structure - vesicular structure - void structure - wall-bearing structure - water-diverting structure - waterfront structure - water purification structure - waterside structure - weight of structure - welded structure - welded steel structure - wood structureto load a structure — нагружать конструкцию, сооружение
* * *1. конструкция; конструктивная система (здания, сооружения)2. сооружение, здание3. структура4. pl леса; подмости; поддерживающие конструкцииstructure beyond repair — сооружение, не подлежащее восстановлению ( из-за чрезмерного износа)
structure designed by elastic method of analysis — конструкция, рассчитанная с учётом только упругой работы
structure designed by plastic theory — конструкция, рассчитанная по теории пластичности
structure designed on an experimental basis — сооружение [объект] экспериментального проектирования
structure exposed to wind force — сооружение, подвергаемое воздействию ветровых нагрузок; сооружение, для которого ветровые нагрузки являются основными
structure in design stage — сооружение в стадии проектирования; проектируемое сооружение
to make the structure statically determinate — превратить конструкцию в статически определимую ( путём удаления лишних связей)
- above-grade structurestructure subjected to specified loads — конструкция, нагруженная заданными [расчётными] нагрузками
- air-supported structure
- alien structure
- alignment structure
- all-metal structure
- all welded steel structure
- amorphous structure
- angle structure
- appurtenant structure
- arched structure
- architectural structure
- Armco multiplate superspan bridging structures
- armocement structure
- aseismic structure
- atomic reactor containment structure
- auxiliary structure
- avalanche brake structure
- backwater structure
- bank protection structure
- beam-and-column structure
- block structure
- box-type structure
- box structure
- braced structure
- building structure
- bulkhead structure
- cantilever structure
- carrying structure
- cased structure
- cast-in-situ structure
- cellular structure
- cladding structure
- closure structure
- coast-protecting structure
- completed structure
- composite structure
- concrete structure
- concrete gravity structure
- conjugation structure
- continuous structure
- control structure
- conveyance structure
- crest structure
- crib structure
- cross-wall structures
- crystalline structure
- dead-end structure
- dispersed structure
- dome structure
- drop structure
- earth structure
- earthquake-resistant structure
- earth-sheltered structure
- encased structure
- enclosing structures
- engineering structures
- external protection structure
- fish-protection structure
- fixed gravity structure
- floated-in structure
- floating structure
- flocculated structure
- floor structure
- folded plate structure
- folded structure
- framed structure
- freely supported structure
- free standing tower structure
- geological structure
- girder structure
- glass-block structure
- glued structure
- granular structure
- gravity structure
- grid structure
- guide structure
- heated structure
- heat-insulated structure
- high-rise structure
- high-strength structure
- hinged structure
- honeycomb structure
- hydraulic structure
- hyperstatic structure
- in-line structure
- intake structure
- laminated structure
- large-block structure
- large panel structure
- large span structure
- lattice structure
- lightweight structure
- linear structures
- line structures
- load-bearing structure
- log structure
- long span structure
- major structure
- manure storage structure
- marine structure
- massive concrete structure
- mass concrete structure
- metal structure
- modular structure
- multilevel structure
- multilevel cast-in-place parking structure
- multilevel precast concrete bar structure
- multiple span structure
- multistorey structure
- nonbearing structure
- nuclear energy structures
- offshore structure
- oil field structure
- open parking structure
- open-pile braced structure
- open-web structure
- orthotropic structure
- outfall structure
- outlet structure
- panel structure
- parking structure
- perlitic structure
- permanent structure
- pile structure
- pile-and-crib structure
- plate structures
- port structure
- portable structure
- portal structure
- post-and-beam structure
- precast structure
- prestressed structure
- prestressed pretensioned structure
- pretensioned structure
- radial plan structure
- rectilinear structure
- redundant structure
- regulating structure
- reinforced concrete structure
- reinforced masonry structure
- reinforced soil structure
- reinforced timber structure
- rigid structure
- rigid-plastic structure
- roof structure
- seismic structure
- self-supporting structure
- shell structure
- simply supported structure
- single span structure
- skeleton-type structure
- skeleton structure
- soil structure
- solid structure
- space structure
- space-grid structure
- spillway structure
- sports structure
- statically determinate structure
- statically indeterminate structure
- steel structure
- steel and concrete structure
- steel bearing structure
- storage structure
- stressed skin structure
- submerged structure
- subsurface structure
- supporting structure
- surface structure
- suspended structure
- suspended cable net structure
- tailrace structure
- tall structure
- thin-shell structure
- thin-walled prismatic structure
- thin-walled steel structure
- training structure
- truss structure
- tube-in-tube structure
- tubular structure
- turnout structure
- unclad structure
- underground structure
- underpinning structure
- underwater structure
- unified structure
- unsafe structure
- unusual structure
- urban structure
- utility structures
- vault structure
- water-conveyance structure
- water-diverting structure
- water-filled framed structure
- waterfront structure
- water retaining structure
- welded structure
- zoned earthfill structure -
9 structure
- structure
- n1. конструкция; конструктивная система (здания, сооружения)
2. сооружение, здание
3. структура
4. pl леса; подмости; поддерживающие конструкции
structure beyond repair — сооружение, не подлежащее восстановлению ( из-за чрезмерного износа)
structure designed by elastic method of analysis — конструкция, рассчитанная с учётом только упругой работы
structure designed by plastic theory — конструкция, рассчитанная по теории пластичности
structure designed on an experimental basis — сооружение [объект] экспериментального проектирования
structure exposed to wind force — сооружение, подвергаемое воздействию ветровых нагрузок; сооружение, для которого ветровые нагрузки являются основными
structure in design stage — сооружение в стадии проектирования; проектируемое сооружение
to make the structure statically determinate — превратить конструкцию в статически определимую ( путём удаления лишних связей)
structure subjected to specified loads — конструкция, нагруженная заданными [расчётными] нагрузками
- above-grade structure
- air-supported structure
- alien structure
- alignment structure
- all-metal structure
- all welded steel structure
- amorphous structure
- angle structure
- appurtenant structure
- arched structure
- architectural structure
- Armco multiplate superspan bridging structures
- armocement structure
- aseismic structure
- atomic reactor containment structure
- auxiliary structure
- avalanche brake structure
- backwater structure
- bank protection structure
- beam-and-column structure
- block structure
- box-type structure
- box structure
- braced structure
- building structure
- bulkhead structure
- cantilever structure
- carrying structure
- cased structure
- cast-in-situ structure
- cellular structure
- cladding structure
- closure structure
- coast-protecting structure
- completed structure
- composite structure
- concrete structure
- concrete gravity structure
- conjugation structure
- continuous structure
- control structure
- conveyance structure
- crest structure
- crib structure
- cross-wall structures
- crystalline structure
- dead-end structure
- dispersed structure
- dome structure
- drop structure
- earth structure
- earthquake-resistant structure
- earth-sheltered structure
- encased structure
- enclosing structures
- engineering structures
- external protection structure
- fish-protection structure
- fixed gravity structure
- floated-in structure
- floating structure
- flocculated structure
- floor structure
- folded plate structure
- folded structure
- framed structure
- freely supported structure
- free standing tower structure
- geological structure
- girder structure
- glass-block structure
- glued structure
- granular structure
- gravity structure
- grid structure
- guide structure
- heated structure
- heat-insulated structure
- high-rise structure
- high-strength structure
- hinged structure
- honeycomb structure
- hydraulic structure
- hyperstatic structure
- in-line structure
- intake structure
- laminated structure
- large-block structure
- large panel structure
- large span structure
- lattice structure
- lightweight structure
- linear structures
- line structures
- load-bearing structure
- log structure
- long span structure
- major structure
- manure storage structure
- marine structure
- massive concrete structure
- mass concrete structure
- metal structure
- modular structure
- multilevel structure
- multilevel cast-in-place parking structure
- multilevel precast concrete bar structure
- multiple span structure
- multistorey structure
- nonbearing structure
- nuclear energy structures
- offshore structure
- oil field structure
- open parking structure
- open-pile braced structure
- open-web structure
- orthotropic structure
- outfall structure
- outlet structure
- panel structure
- parking structure
- perlitic structure
- permanent structure
- pile structure
- pile-and-crib structure
- plate structures
- port structure
- portable structure
- portal structure
- post-and-beam structure
- precast structure
- prestressed structure
- prestressed pretensioned structure
- pretensioned structure
- radial plan structure
- rectilinear structure
- redundant structure
- regulating structure
- reinforced concrete structure
- reinforced masonry structure
- reinforced soil structure
- reinforced timber structure
- rigid structure
- rigid-plastic structure
- roof structure
- seismic structure
- self-supporting structure
- shell structure
- simply supported structure
- single span structure
- skeleton-type structure
- skeleton structure
- soil structure
- solid structure
- space structure
- space-grid structure
- spillway structure
- sports structure
- statically determinate structure
- statically indeterminate structure
- steel structure
- steel and concrete structure
- steel bearing structure
- storage structure
- stressed skin structure
- submerged structure
- subsurface structure
- supporting structure
- surface structure
- suspended structure
- suspended cable net structure
- tailrace structure
- tall structure
- thin-shell structure
- thin-walled prismatic structure
- thin-walled steel structure
- training structure
- truss structure
- tube-in-tube structure
- tubular structure
- turnout structure
- unclad structure
- underground structure
- underpinning structure
- underwater structure
- unified structure
- unsafe structure
- unusual structure
- urban structure
- utility structures
- vault structure
- water-conveyance structure
- water-diverting structure
- water-filled framed structure
- waterfront structure
- water retaining structure
- welded structure
- zoned earthfill structure
Англо-русский строительный словарь. — М.: Русский Язык. С.Н.Корчемкина, С.К.Кашкина, С.В.Курбатова. 1995.
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10 rock
1. (горная) порода 2. скала; утёс 3. сырая медная руда (Канада) 4. массивные пласты сине-серого песчаника (США) 5. проф. драгоценный камень; алмаз
rock in place порода на месте залегания
rock in situ порода на месте залегания
abnormal rock необычная порода
abyssal rock глубинная [абиссальная] порода
accumulative rock кумулат (разновидность магматической породы)
acidic rock магматическая кислая порода
aggregated rock порода, состоящая из разнородных обломков
albite rock альбитовая порода
alkali igneous rock щелочная изверженная порода
allied rock генетически связанная порода
allochthonous rock аллохтонная порода
allogenic rock порода, образовавшаяся в районе, расположенном на большом расстоянии от места её современного залегания
altered rock изменённая порода
altered volcanic rock изменённая вулканическая порода
alum rock см. alunite
amphibole-magnetite rock амфибол-магнетитовая порода
amygdaloidal rock амигдалоид (порода, содержащая миндалевидные включения), миндалекаменная порода
anemoclastic rock анемокластическая порода
anisomeric rock анизомерная порода
anorthite rock анортитовая порода
aquagenic rocks подводные породы (породы, образовавшиеся в условиях океанического режима)
aqueous rock гидрогенная порода
arc rocks породы островодужного комплекса
arenaceous rock порода, состоящая главным образом из песчаного материала
argillaceous rock глинистая порода
arterite rock артерит (полосчатая порода с частым переслаиванием осадочного и изверженного материала)
aschistic dike rock асхистовая [ашистовая] жильная порода
ash rock пепловый туф
asphalt rock асфальтовая битуминозная порода, асфальтовый камень
asphaltic rock асфальтовая битуминозная порода, асфальтовый камень
associated rock сопутствующая [сопровождающая, второстепенная] порода, спутник
athrogene rock атрогенная порода
atmoclastic rock атмокластическая порода
atmospheric rock порода, образовавшаяся под действием атмосферы
autoclastic rock автокластическая порода
average igneous rock магматическая порода среднего состава
balanced rock 1. крупный останец горной породы (результат выветривания) 2. висячий блок (на склоне холма)
banded rock полосчатая порода
barren rock пустая порода
basaltic rock базальтовая порода
base rock основная порода
basement rock подстилающая порода
basic rock основная порода
bastard rock нечистая порода, порода смешанного состава (песчаник с прослоями глины и угля)
bedded rock слоистая порода
binary rock двуминеральная порода
biochemical rock биохемогенная порода
bioclastic rock биокластическая порода
biogenic rock биогенная порода
bituminous rock битуминозная порода
bleeding rock песчаник, насыщенный водой
blossom rock окисленная порода (напр. порода железной шляпы)
boulder rock валунник
brittle rock хрупкая порода
brown rock бурый фосфорит (штат Теннесси, США)
bubble rock пузыристая вулканическая порода
burr rocks агрегаты крупнокристаллического мусковита с кварцем
butter rock см. halotrichite
calcareous rock известковая порода
calc-silicate rock известково-силикатная порода
calico rock кэлико (1. железистые кварциты, Южная Африка 2. ситцевый известняк, Пенсильвания, США)
cap rock 1. песчаники эстуариев (Англия) 2. оболочка [покрышка] купола, кэпрок
carbonaceous rock углеродистая [углистая] порода
carbonate rock карбонатная порода
carbonic [carboniferous] rock угленосная порода, порода, содержащая каменный уголь
cataclastic rock катакластическая порода
cavernous rock ячеистая [кавернозная] порода
cement rock цементная порода
chalk rock 1. мелоподобная порода (напр. известковый туф, тальк) 2. меловая порода
chemical rock хемогенная порода
chimney rock изолированная скала, земляная пирамида
china-clay rock каолинизированный гранит
cistern rock см. laccolith
clastic rock обломочная порода
clay rock глинистая порода, аргиллит
cleaved rock трещиноватая порода
coal measure rock угленосная порода
coffee rock кофейная порода (отвердевший горизонт в отложениях береговых дюн)
coherent rock сцементированная порода
comagmatic rock родственная [комагматическая] порода
combe rock курум (скопление нестратифицированных обломков пород, возникших в результате солифлюкции)
competent rock компетентная порода
complementary rock комплементарная порода
complex rock сложная [неоднородная] порода
compound rock полиминеральная порода
consertal rock консертальная [разнозернистая] порода
contact rock контактовая порода
container rock порода-коллектор; вмещающая порода
contaminated rock контаминированная [загрязнённая посторонними включениями] порода
continental rock континентальная порода
coombe rock курум (скопление нестратифицированных обломков пород, возникших в результате солифлюкции)
coral rock коралловый рифовый известняк
cordierite-anthophyllite rock кордиерит-антофиллитовая порода
corniferous rock роговиковая [роговообманковая] порода
cosmoclastic rock космокластическая порода (один из первичных типов пород Земли)
cotton rock землистый известняк (1. мягкий мелкозернистый, кремнистый магнезиальный известняк 2. разрушенная внешняя оболочка, окружающая плотное чёрное внутреннее ядро конкреции кремня)
country rock вмещающая порода
crenulated rock плойчатая порода
cross-grained rock песчаник с косой слоистостью
cryptoclastic rock криптокластическая [скрытообломочная]порода
cryptocrystalline rock криптокристаллическая порода
crystalline rock кристаллическая порода
crystalline metamorphic rock кристаллическая метаморфическая порода
crystallinoclastic rock кристаллическая обломочная порода
dead rock пустая порода
decayed rock разрушенная [выветрелая]порода
decomposed rock разрушенная [выветрелая]порода
dejection rocks пирокластические породы
dense rock плотная порода
derivative rock переотложенная осадочная порода
desintegrated rock размельчённая порода
detrital rock обломочная порода, детритус
deuterogene rock вторичная порода (образовавшаяся при разрушении более древних пород)
diaphthoric rock диафторит (кристаллический сланец, изменённый процессами ретроградного метаморфизма)
dike rock лайковая порода
Dinas rock динасовая порода
dirtied rock взорванная порода
disjunctive rock дизъюнктивная порода, порода зоны дробления
dolomite rock доломит (осадочная карбонатная порода)
dressed rock бараний лоб
dune rock дюнная порода
effusive rock эффузивная порода
embossed rock бараний лоб
emery rock наждачная порода
enclosing rock вмещающая порода
endogenetic rock эндогенная порода
eolian rock эоловая порода
epiclastic rock эпикластическая порода
eruptive rock эруптивная порода
exogenetic rock экзогенная порода
explosive rock эксплозивная порода
extrusive rock экструзивная порода
failed rock ослабленная порода
farewell rock 1. останец, скала-свидетель 2. грубозернистый песчаник
felsitic rock фельзитовая порода
flaggy rock раскалывающаяся на пластины осадочная порода
flexible rock упругая порода
flinty crush rock ультрамилонит
flow rock плывун, текучая порода
folded rock порода, смятая в складки
fragmental rock кластическая [обломочная] порода
fresh volcanic rock кайнотипная вулканическая порода, молодая вулканическая порода
friable rock рассыпчатая [хрупкая, растрескивающаяся] порода
friction rock порода, образовавшаяся в результате трения
fritted rock оплавленная порода
functional permeable rock функционирующая проницаемая порода
fundamental rock порода основания, порода фундамента
fused rock горелая порода
glacial rock порода ледникового происхождения
glass rock чистый криптокристаллический известняк трентонского возраста
gluing rock Железистая глина, покрывающая угольный пласт
grained rock кристаллически-зернистая порода
green rock 1. зеленокаменная порода 2. кровля, не оказывающая давления; недавно обнажённая кровля
greenalite rock гриналитовая порода
halogen rock галолит
hard rock 1. крепкая порода 2. скальная порода
heaving rock вспучивающаяся порода
higher-rank rock высокометаморфизованная порода
high-grade rock высокометаморфизованная порода
high-silica rock порода с высоким содержанием кремния
holoclastic rock голокластическая порода
homeland rock местная [автохтонная] порода
honeycombed rock порода с поверхностью в виде пчелиных сот
host rock вмещающая порода
hybrid rock гибридная порода, порода аномального состава
hydroclastic rock гидрокластическая порода
hydrogenic rock гидрогенная порода
ice-smoothed rock бараний лоб
igneous rock магматическая порода
impermeable rock водонепроницаемая порода
impervious rock водонепроницаемая порода
impregnated rock импрегнированная [вкрапленная] порода
incoherent rock несцементированная порода
incompetent rock некомпетентная порода
inert permeable rock инертная проницаемая порода
ingenite rock ингенит (порода, образовавшаяся ниже поверхности земли)
instant rock хрупкая горная порода, образовавшаяся под воздействием ударной литификации
intermediate rock магматическая порода среднего состава
interstratified rock переслаивающаяся порода
intrusive rock интрузивная порода
intrusive igneous rock интрузивная магматическая порода
involved rock включённая порода
jet rock битуминозный гагатсодержащий сланец
kainotype rock кайнотипная порода
key rock- маркирующий горизонт, руководящая порода
kymoclastic rock кимокластическая порода
laminated rock слоистая порода
land rock галечниковый фосфорит
ledge rock выступ, карниз, скальное обнажение
leopardite rock порода пятнистой окраски
lime rock известковая порода
limnogenic rock лимногенная порода
liver rock разновидность песчаника, который легко ломается и режется в любом направлении
living rock порода в своём естественном состоянии
lode rock жильная масса, жильная порода; рудная масса
loose rock 1. рыхлая несцементированная порода 2. отбитая порода
maculose rock пятнистая [контактово-метаморфическая] порода
magnetic rock магнитная порода
mantle rock 1. поверхностный слой породы; покрывающая порода; рыхлый материал на поверхности крепкой породы 2. порода мантии
massive rock массивная неслоистая порода
medium rock средняя (по составу) порода
medium-grained rock среднезернистая порода
metaigneous rock метамагматическая порода
metamorphic rock метаморфическая порода
metamorphosed rock метаморфизованная порода
metasedimentary rock метаосадочная порода
molten rock расплавленная порода
monogene rock моногенная порода (порода, содержащая один минеральный компонент)
monomineral rock мономинеральная порода
moor rock грубый песчаник (верхнего карбона, Англия)
mother rock материнская порода
mushroom rock грибовидная скала, скала-гриб
native rock материнская порода
natural rock естественная порода
neptunic rocks нептунические породы
neutral rock средняя порода
obliquely bedded rock косонаслоённая порода
oil-bearing rock нефтеносная порода
oil-reservoir rock порода-коллектор нефти
oil-stained rock пропитанная нефтью порода
old volcanic rock древневулканическая порода
olivine rock дунит (интрузивная порода)
open rock пористая порода
ore rock рудоносная порода
organic rock органогенная порода, биолит
original rock коренная порода
overburden rock перекрывающая порода
overlying rock вышележащая порода
oversaturated rock пересыщенная (напр. кремнезёмом) порода
paint rock железная охра, железисто-сланцевая глина
paleotypal rock палеотипная порода
parent rock материнская порода
partition rock боковая порода
pay rock продуктивная порода; выгодная для разработки [перспективная] порода
pebble rock галечная порода
pedestal rock изолированная остаточная глыба породы на пьедестале; пьедестал
penetrative rock интрузив, проникающая порода
penitent rock кающаяся скала, скала монах
peralkalic rock ультращелочная порода
perched rock эоловый столб, глыба породы, венчающая земляной столб
permeable rock проницаемая порода
pervious rock проницаемая порода
petroclastic rock обломочная порода
phanoclastic rock фанокластическая порода
phenoclastic rock фенокластическая порода
phosphate rock фосфорит
phytogenic rock фитогенная порода
pitchy rock порода, пропитанная битумом
plagioclase rock анортозит
plum-cake rock «сливовый пудинг» (брекчии и конглобрекчии в связующей массе породы, характеризующиеся спорадическим распределением обломков)
plutonic rock плутоническая порода
plutonic igneous rock плутоническая магматическая порода
pocket rock пустынный валун, покрытый толстой коркой пустынного загара
polymetamorphic rock полиметаморфическая порода
polymictic rock полимиктовая порода
popple rock англ. галечниковый горизонт
porphyritic rock порода порфировой структуры
potamoclastic rock флювиально-обломочная порода
potamogenic rock потамогенная порода
pressed rock уплотнённая порода
prestressed rock порода в напряжённом состоянии
primary rock первичная порода
primitive rock первозданная порода
pudding rock пудинговый конгломерат, пудинговый камень, пудинг
pyroclastic rock пирокластическая порода
pyrogenetic пирогенная порода
pyrogenic пирогенная порода
quartz rock кварцит
quartz-free rock бескварцевая порода
quenched rock закалённая порода
radiolarian rock радиоляриевая порода
reactive rock порода с высокой реакционной способностью
red rocks красноцветы, красноцветные породы
reef rock рифогенная порода
related rock родственная порода
resedimented rock 1. порода, сложенная переработанными осадками 2. отложение мутьевых потоков
reservoir rock порода-коллектор
resistant rock устойчивая порода
ribbon rock ленточная порода
rim rock см. rimrock
roof rock порода кровли
rotten rock красный песчаник, красные камни
salt rock галит, каменная соль
sand rock песчаник
saturated rock насыщенная (кремнезёмом) порода
schorl rock турмалиновая [шерловая] порода
seamy rock трещиноватая порода
seat rock см. seat earth
secondary rock вторичная порода
sedimentary rock осадочная порода
semipelitic rock семипелитовая порода
serpentine rock серпентинит
shale rock глинистый сланец
shaly bedded rock сланцеватая порода (со слойками толщиной от 2 до 10 мм)
shattered rock раздробленная порода
sheep rock бараний лоб
sheepback rock бараний лоб
shell rock ракушечник
silica rock кремнистая порода
silt rock мелкозёмистая [алевритовая] порода
slide rocks делювий, осыпи
soap rock мыльный камень, жировик, тальковая порода
soft rock слабая порода; рыхлая порода
solid rock 1. коренная порода 2. массивная нетрещиноватая скала
source rock материнская порода
specimen rock образец породы
sponge-spicule rock спонголит
stratified rock стратифицированная порода
subsilicic rock основная порода
supercrust rock суперкрустальная порода
superfusive rock суперфузивная порода
superincumbent rock налегающая толща пород
table rock столовая гора, столовое плоскогорье, плоский холм-останец
thermodynamically altered rock термодинамически изменённая порода
tight rock непроницаемая порода
toadstool rock грибовидная скала, скала-гриб
tobacco rock табачная порода (вмещающая порода, благоприятная для концентрации в ней урана, юго-запад США)
total rock валовая проба
tower rock высокая острая скала, утёс
transition rock порода переходного типа
trappean rock трапповая порода
typhonic rock глубинная [абиссальная] порода
ultrabasic rock ультраосновная порода
unconsolidated rock несцементированная порода
undersaturated rock недосыщенная (напр. кремнезёмом) порода
unfossiliferous rock порода, не содержащая окаменелостей
unstratified rock нестратифицированная порода
valley floor rock коренная порода на дне долины
volcanic rock вулканическая порода
wall rock вмещающая порода
waste rock пустая порода
water-bearing rock водоносная порода
water-formed rock порода, образованная действием воды
wedge rock бедная рудой порода
weeping rock пористая порода, из которой сочится вода, слезник
white rock англ. почти белый долерит
wind-formed rock порода, образовавшаяся под действием ветра
zebra rock зебровая порода (1. доломиты с тонкой полосчатостью, США 2. полосчатые кварциты кембрия, Австралия)
zoogenic [zoogenous] rock зоогенная порода
* * *• глыба• породный -
11 groß
big; tall; great; large; grand; heavyset* * *[groːs]1. ADJEKTIVcomp ordm;er ['grøːsɐ] superl ordm;te(r, s) ['grøːstə]1) big; Fläche, Raum, Haus, Hände big, large; Höhe, Breite great; Größe, Tube, Dose, Packung etc large; (TYP ) Buchstabe capitalein ganz großes Haus/Buch — a great big house/book
der große ( Uhr)zeiger — the big or minute hand
x ist größer als 10 (Math) — x is greater than 10
ein 2 Hektar großes Grundstück — a 2-hectare plot of land
ein Loch größer machen — to make a hole bigger
ein großes Bier, ein Großes (inf) — ≈ a pint (of beer) (Brit), a large beer
die große Masse (fig) — the vast majority
2) = hoch, hochgewachsen taller ist 1,80 Meter groß — he's one metre (Brit) or meter (US) eighty (tall)
unsere Große — our eldest or oldest (daughter); (von zweien) our elder daughter
unser Großer — our eldest or oldest ( son); (von zweien) our elder son
mit etw groß geworden sein — to have grown up with sth
er ist ein großes Kind — he's a big or a great big (inf) baby
4) zeitlich Verzögerung, Rede big, longdie große Pause (Sch) — the long or lunch break
die großen Ferien — the summer holidays (Brit) or holiday (US)
5) = beträchtlich, wichtig, bedeutend great; Erfolg, Enttäuschung, Hoffnung, Eile great, big; Gewinn, Ereignis big; Katastrophe, Schreck terrible; Summe large; Geschwindigkeit higher hat Großes geleistet — he has achieved great things
die größten Erfindungen unseres Jahrhunderts — the greatest inventions of our century
ein großer Dichter wie Goethe — a great poet like Goethe
eine große Dummheit machen — to do something very or really stupid
er ist kein großer Esser (inf) — he's not a big eater
eine der größeren Firmen — one of the major companies
die großen Fragen unserer Zeit — the great or big questions of our time
das große Ganze — the broader or wider view
vor meinem Haus war or herrschte ein großer Lärm — there was a lot of noise outside my house
ich habe große Lust zu verreisen — I'd really like to go away (on holiday (Brit) or vacation (US))
sie hatte große Lust, sich zu verkleiden — she really wanted to get dressed up
einen großen Namen haben — to be a big name
ich bin kein großer Redner (inf) — I'm no great speaker
ich bin kein großer Opernfreund (inf) — I'm not a great opera fan
im größten Regen/Schneesturm — in the middle of a downpour/snowstorm
große Worte machen — to use grand words
6) = großartig, bewundernswert iro greatdas ist or finde ich ganz groß (inf) — that's really great (inf)
7) in Eigennamen GreatAlfred/Friedrich der Große — Alfred/Frederick the Great
8) MUS2. ADVERBcomp ordm; er, superl am ordm;ten1)groß machen (baby-talk) — to do number two (baby-talk), to do a poo (Brit baby-talk)
groß daherreden (inf) — to talk big (inf)
See:2)3)was ist das schon groß? (inf) — big deal! (inf), so what? (inf)
was soll man da schon groß machen/sagen? (inf) — what can you do/say?
er hat sich nicht gerade groß für unsere Belange eingesetzt (inf) — he didn't exactly put up a big fight for us
ich habe mich nie groß um Politik gekümmert (inf) — I've never been a great one for politics (inf)
ich kümmere mich nicht groß darum (inf) — I don't take much notice
ganz groß rauskommen (inf) — to make the big time (inf)
* * *1) (large in size: a big car.) big2) (very large, larger etc than average: a great crowd of people at the football match.) great3) (great in size, amount etc; not small: a large number of people; a large house; a large family; This house is too large for two people.) large4) (fairly large: His income is quite sizeable, now that he has been promoted.) sizeable5) ((of people and thin or narrow objects such as buildings or trees) higher than normal: a tall man/tree.) tall6) ((of people) having a particular height: John is only four feet tall.) tall7) (great or large: He won by a wide margin.) wide* * *<größer, größte>[ˈgro:s]I. adjin \großen/größeren Formaten/Größen in large/larger formats/sizes2. (hoch aufragend) longein \großer Kirchturm/Mast/Turm a high church steeple/pylon/tower3. (hoch gewachsen) Mensch talldu bist \groß geworden you've grownwie \groß bist du? how tall are you?er ist 1,78 m \groß he is 5 foot 10 [or 1.78m] [tall]ein \großer Baum/eine \große Vase a tall tree/vaseauf \große[r] Fahrt on a long journeydie \große Pause SCH mid-morning break5. (älter) big, elder, olderdas ist Anita, unsere G\große this is Anita, our eldestwenn ich \groß bin... when I'm grown up...mein \großer Bruder/meine \große Schwester my elder brother/my elder sisterG\groß und Klein young and old [alike]6. (mengenmäßig)im G\großen einkaufen to buy in bulkdie \große Masse most [or the majority] of the peopleein \großer Teil der Bevölkerung a large part of the population7. (erheblich, beträchtlich) greatwas für eine \große Freude! how delightful!du redest ganz \großen Unsinn you're talking complete rubbishwas ist denn das für ein \großer Lärm auf der Straße? what's all that noise in the street?macht doch nicht so einen \großen Lärm! don't make so much noise!\große Angst haben to be terribly afraid [or frightened]ein \großer Aufstieg a meteoric riseeine \große Beeinträchtigung a major impairmentein \großer Betrag a large amounteine \große Dummheit sheer stupidityein \großer Durchbruch/Reinfall a major breakthrough/disastereine \große Enttäuschung a great [or deep] [or profound] disappointmentmit \großer Geschwindigkeit at high [or great] speed\großen Hunger haben to be terribly hungry\großes Leid great [or deep] [or profound] sorrowein \großer Misserfolg an abject [or a dismal] failure\große Nachfrage a big demandeine \große Preissteigerung a massive price rise [or increase]ein \großer Schrecken a nasty fright\große Schwierigkeiten serious [or real] trouble\große Wut unbridled fury\großer Zorn deep [or profound] anger8. (bedeutend) greatetwas/nichts G\großes something/nothing greatsie hat in ihrem Leben nichts G\großes geleistet she never achieved anything great [or major] in her life, she did not achieve great things in her lifemit diesem Gemälde hat sie etwas G\großes geschaffen she has created something great [or profound] with this paintingein \großer Konzern/ein \großes Unternehmen a leading [or major] group/company9. (besonders gut) bigim Meckern ist sie ganz \groß she's quite good at moaningich bin kein \großer Esser/Trinker I'm not a big eater/drinkerich bin kein \großer Redner I'm no [or not a] great speaker10. (in Eigennamen)▪ ... der G\große... the GreatFriedrich der G\große Frederick the Great11. (großes Glas) large, bignach den drei \großen Bier war ich ziemlich angeheitert I felt quite merry fam [or fam tipsy] after three pints [of beer]12.▶ im G\großen und Ganzen [gesehen] on the whole, by and largeich habe nur \großes Geld I haven't any change on me; s.a. kleinII. advwas ist da jetzt schon \groß dabei! big deal! famer hat sich aber nicht gerade \groß für uns eingesetzt! he didn't exactly do very much [or put himself out much] for us!was soll man da schon \groß sagen? you can't really say very muchich habe mich nie \groß für Politik interessiert I've never been particularly interested in politics\groß einsteigen to go in for sth in a big waysie ist ganz \groß in die Politik eingestiegen she's gone into politics in a big way2. (von weitem Ausmaß)\groß angelegt large-scaleeine \groß angelegte Offensive a full-scale offensive [or attack3. MODE4. (nicht klein)5.* * *1.größer, größt... Adjektiv1) big; big, large <house, window, area, room, etc.>; large < pack, size, can, etc.>; great <length, width, height>; tall < person>große Eier/Kartoffeln — large eggs/potatoes
eine große Terz/Sekunde — (Musik) a major third/second
ein großes Bier, bitte — a pint, please
2) (eine bestimmte Größe aufweisend)1 m2/2 ha groß — 1 m2/2 ha in area
sie ist 1,75 m groß — she is 1.75 m tall
doppelt/dreimal so groß wie... — twice/three times the size of...
3) (älter) big <brother, sister>seine größere Schwester — his elder sister
unsere Große/unser Großer — our eldest or oldest daughter/son
4) (erwachsen) grown-up <children, son, daughter>[mit etwas] groß werden — grow up [with something]
die Großen — (Erwachsene) the grown-ups; (ältere Kinder) the older children
Groß und Klein — old and young [alike]
5) (lange dauernd) long, lengthy <delay, talk, explanation, pause>die großen Ferien — (Schulw.) the summer holidays or (Amer.) long vacation sing.
die große Pause — (Schulw.) [mid-morning] break
große Summen/Kosten — large sums/heavy costs
eine große Auswahl — a wide selection or range
7) (außerordentlich) great <pleasure, pain, hunger, anxiety, hurry, progress, difficulty, mistake, importance>; intense <heat, cold>; high < speed>ihre/seine große Liebe — her/his great love
ein großer Augenblick/Tag — a great moment/day
große Worte — grand or fine words
die Großen [der Welt] — the great figures [of our world]
die große Dame/den großen Herrn spielen — (iron.) play the fine lady/gentleman
10) (bedeutend) great, major < artist, painter, work>Katharina die Große — Catherine the Great; s. auch Karl
11) (wesentlich)die große Linie/der große Zusammenhang — the basic line/the overall context
in großen Zügen od. Umrissen — in broad outline
im Großen [und] Ganzen — by and large; on the whole
ein großes Herz haben — be great-hearted
13) (ugs.): (großspurig)2.1)groß geschrieben werden — (fig. ugs.) be stressed or emphasized
groß machen — (Kinderspr.) do number two (child lang.)
2) (ugs.): (aufwendig)3) (ugs.): (besonders) greatly; particularly4) (ugs.): (großartig)sie steht ganz groß da — she has made it big (coll.) or made the big time (coll.)
* * *A. adj1. big (besonders gefühlsbetont); Haus, Fläche etc: large; Land: vast; Baum, Gebäude etc: (hoch) tall; (riesig) huge; Person: tall;ein großes Gebäude a big(, tall) building;der Große Ozean GEOG the Pacific (Ocean);die Großen Seen GEOG the Great Lakes;große Zehe big toe;großer Buchstabe capital letter;Gut mit großem G good with a capital G;wir sprechen hier von Geiz mit einem großen G fig, pej we’re talking about meanness with a capital M here;groß machen/müssen kinderspr do/have to do big jobs2. an Ausmaß, Intensität, Wert etc: great; Fehler, Lärm, Unterschied etc: auch big; Entfernung: great, long; Geschwindigkeit: high; Hitze, Kälte, Schmerzen etc: intense; Kälte: auch severe; Verlust: heavy; Wissen: extensive, wide; (tief) profound; MUS, Intervall, Terz: major; Angeber, Angsthase, Feigling etc: terrible, dreadful;wir waren zu Hause eine große Familie we were a large family;große Ferien summer holiday(s), long vacation;zu meiner großen Freude to my great joy ( oder pleasure);wie komme ich an das große Geld? umg how do I get into the big money?;großes Glück haben be very lucky;großen Hunger haben be very hungry; stärker: be starving;große Mehrheit great majority;große Pause long (mid-morning) break;ein Fest im großen Rahmen a celebration on the grand scale;große Schritte machen make great progress;zum großen Teil largely, for the most part;3. mit Maßangabe:wie groß ist er? how tall is he?;er ist … groß he’s … (tall); das Grundstückist 600 m2groß is 600 metres (US -ers) square;gleich groß Personen: the same height, as tall as each other; Flächen, Kleidungsstücke etc: the same size;so groß wie ein Fußballfeld the size of a football pitch (US soccer field);war dreimal so groß wie der der Konkurrenz was three times that of our rivalsgroße Schwester big sister;groß werden Kinder: grow up;zu groß werden für outgrow sth, get too big for;er ist nur ein großes Kind he’s just a big baby;Groß und Klein young and old5. fig Augenblick, Entdeckung, Erfolg, Tag, Tat etc: great; (bedeutend) major, important; (großartig) grand, magnificent; Pläne, Ziele: great, grand, big; Künstler, Dichter etc: great;große Worte big words;Friedrich der Große Frederick the Great;Karl der Große Charlemagne;die große Dame/den großen Herrn spielen iron play the great lady/lord;große Reden schwingen iron talk big;Groß und Klein standesmäßig: high and low6. (allgemein, wesentlich) broad, general;den großen Zusammenhang erkennen see the big picture;im großen Ganzen overall;in großen Zügen in broad outline7. umg (gut):das war ganz groß! that was really great!;große Klasse she’s really good ( oder she’s brilliant) at arithmetic;im Angeben/Geldausgeben ist er (ganz) groß iron he’s very good at showing off/spending money;ich bin kein großer Freund von Partys/Suppe I’m not a great one for parties/soup, I’m not particularly fond of parties/soup;er ist ein großer Schweiger/kein großer Esser he’s not a great talker/eater8. (edel):in großer Aufmachung Bericht etc: prominently featured, splashed across the page; Person: in full dress;B. adv1. big;groß gedruckt in large letters ( oder print);groß gemustert with a large pattern;groß kariert large-checked;er sah mich nur groß an he just stared at me;groß und breit dastehen umg, unübersehbar: stand out; stärker: stick out like a sore thumb; → auch großschreiben, großgebaut etc2. (aufwändig):groß angelegt Aktion etc: large-scale, full-scale;groß ausgehen umg have a real night out;jemanden/etwas groß herausbringen umg pull out all the stops for sb/sth, give sb/sth a tremendous build-up3. umg:groß auftreten act big;groß daherreden talk big5. (gut):groß in Form in great form;beim Publikum groß ankommen be a big hit with the audience;ganz groß dastehen (Erfolg haben) do brilliantly6. umg:er kümmert sich nicht groß darum he doesn’t really bother about it;was ist schon groß dabei? so what?, US auch (so) what’s the big deal?;was gibt es da groß zu sagen? what can you say?;was gibt’s da noch groß zu fragen? is there really anything more we need to ask?;was kann das schon groß kosten? it can’t be very expensive, can it?;was war los? -was soll schon groß gewesen sein? what do you think happened?* * *1.größer, größt... Adjektiv1) big; big, large <house, window, area, room, etc.>; large <pack, size, can, etc.>; great <length, width, height>; tall < person>große Eier/Kartoffeln — large eggs/potatoes
eine große Terz/Sekunde — (Musik) a major third/second
ein großes Bier, bitte — a pint, please
1 m2/2 ha groß — 1 m2/2 ha in area
sie ist 1,75 m groß — she is 1.75 m tall
doppelt/dreimal so groß wie... — twice/three times the size of...
3) (älter) big <brother, sister>unsere Große/unser Großer — our eldest or oldest daughter/son
4) (erwachsen) grown-up <children, son, daughter>[mit etwas] groß werden — grow up [with something]
die Großen — (Erwachsene) the grown-ups; (ältere Kinder) the older children
Groß und Klein — old and young [alike]
5) (lange dauernd) long, lengthy <delay, talk, explanation, pause>die großen Ferien — (Schulw.) the summer holidays or (Amer.) long vacation sing.
die große Pause — (Schulw.) [mid-morning] break
große Summen/Kosten — large sums/heavy costs
eine große Auswahl — a wide selection or range
7) (außerordentlich) great <pleasure, pain, hunger, anxiety, hurry, progress, difficulty, mistake, importance>; intense <heat, cold>; high < speed>ihre/seine große Liebe — her/his great love
ein großer Augenblick/Tag — a great moment/day
große Worte — grand or fine words
[k]eine große Rolle spielen — [not] play a great or an important part
die Großen [der Welt] — the great figures [of our world]
9) nicht präd. (glanzvoll) grand <celebration, ball, etc.>die große Dame/den großen Herrn spielen — (iron.) play the fine lady/gentleman
10) (bedeutend) great, major <artist, painter, work>Katharina die Große — Catherine the Great; s. auch Karl
11) (wesentlich)die große Linie/der große Zusammenhang — the basic line/the overall context
in großen Zügen od. Umrissen — in broad outline
im Großen [und] Ganzen — by and large; on the whole
13) (ugs.): (großspurig)2.große Reden schwingen od. (salopp) Töne spucken — talk big (coll.)
1)groß geschrieben werden — (fig. ugs.) be stressed or emphasized
groß machen — (Kinderspr.) do number two (child lang.)
2) (ugs.): (aufwendig)3) (ugs.): (besonders) greatly; particularly4) (ugs.): (großartig)sie steht ganz groß da — she has made it big (coll.) or made the big time (coll.)
* * *adj.ample adj.big adj.capital adj.great adj.heavyset adj.large adj.sizable adj.tall adj. adv.largely adv.sizably adv. -
12 groß
1) (flächenmäßig, räumlich ausgedehnt) large, big2) (\großes Glas) large, big;nach den drei \großen Bier war ich ziemlich angeheitert I felt quite merry ( fam); [or ( fam) tipsy] after three pints [of beer];3) ( lang) long;4) ( das Maß oder Ausmaß betreffend) great;mit \großer Geschwindigkeit at high [or great] speed;im G\groß einkaufen to buy in bulk5) (hoch, hoch gewachsen) tall;du bist \groß geworden you've grown;er ist 1,78 m \groß he is 5 foot 10 [or 1.78m] [tall];ein \großer Baum/eine \große Vase a tall tree/vase6) ( älter) big, elder, older;die G\großen ( die Erwachsenen) the grown-ups;( ältere Kinder) the older children;das ist Anita, unsere G\große this is Anita, our eldest;wenn ich \groß bin when I'm grown up;G\groß und Klein young and old [alike];7) ( zeitlich ausgedehnt) long, lengthy;auf große[r] Fahrt on a long journey8) ( bevölkerungsreich) large, big;( zahlreich) large;die \große Masse most [or the majority] of the people;ein \großer Teil der Bevölkerung a large part of the population9) ( erheblich) great;ein \großer Aufstieg a meteoric rise;ein \großer Durchbruch/ Reinfall a major breakthrough/disaster;ein \großer Misserfolg an abject [or a dismal] failureein \großer Betrag a large amount;eine \große Preissteigerung a massive price rise [or increase];11) ( beträchtlich) great;eine \große Beeinträchtigung a major impairment;eine \große Dummheit sheer stupidity;[eine] \große Enttäuschung [a] great [or deep] [or profound] disappointment;\großes Leid great [or deep] [or profound] sorrow;\große Nachfrage a big demand;ein \großer Schrecken a nasty fright;\große Schwierigkeiten serious [or real] trouble;\große Wut unbridled fury;\großer Zorn deep [or profound] anger;was für eine \große Freude! how delightful!;du redest ganz \großen Unsinn you're talking complete rubbishein \großer Konzern/ Supermarkt/ein \großes Unternehmen a leading [or major] group/supermarket/company;[etwas/nichts] G\großes [something/nothing] great;sie hat in ihrem Leben nichts G\großes geleistet she never achieved anything great [or major] in her life, she did not achieve great things in her life;mit diesem Gemälde hat sie etwas G\großes geschaffen she has created something great [or profound] with this painting; s. a. kleinwas ist denn da auf der Straße für ein \großer Lärm? what's all that noise in the street?;wir bekamen \großen Beifall we received loud applause;macht doch nicht so einen \großen Lärm! don't make so much noise!14) ( in Eigennamen)... der G\große... the Great;Friedrich der G\große Frederick the Great15) (besonders [gut]) big;im Meckern ist sie ganz \groß she's quite good at moaning;ich bin kein \großer Esser/ Trinker I'm not a big eater/drinker;ich bin kein \großer Redner I'm no [or not a] great speakerWENDUNGEN:im G\großen und Ganzen [gesehen] on the whole, by and large; s. a. Terz, Geld, Massewas ist da jetzt schon \groß dabei! big deal! ( fam)er hat sich aber nicht gerade \groß für uns eingesetzt! he didn't exactly do very much [or put himself out much] for us!;was soll man da schon \groß sagen? you can't really say very much;ich habe mich nie \groß für Politik interessiert I've never been particularly interested in politics;\groß einsteigen to go in for sth in a big way;sie ist ganz \groß in die Politik eingestiegen she's gone into politics in a big way;2) modeetw größer machen to let out sth sep3) ( von weitem Ausmaß)\groß angelegt large-scale;eine \groß angelegte Offensive a full-scale offensive [or attack];4) ( nicht klein)WENDUNGEN:\groß und breit ( fam) at great length; -
13 bolt
1. n засов, задвижка; язык замкаbehind bolt and bar — под замком, за решёткой
box bolt — дверная задвижка; шпингалет
2. n шкворень; шпингалетbolt pin — шпилька, чека
3. n воен. затворpanic bolt — дверной затвор, открывающий дверь при нажатии
4. n болтu bolt — - образный болт
5. n ист. стрела арбалета6. n бегствоto make a bolt for it — помчаться, броситься
7. n молния8. n удар грома9. n рулон10. n вязанка прутьев11. n заготовка для дранкиa bolt from the blue — неожиданная неприятность, гром среди ясного неба
12. v запирать на засов13. v скреплять болтами, сболчивать14. v выстрелить; пустить стрелу15. v выпалить, выболтать16. v броситься вперёд; нестись стрелой17. v понести18. v убегать, удирать19. v амер. студ. жарг. удирать с лекции20. v амер. разг. отходить от своей партии или не поддерживать её кандидата на выборах21. v разг. заглатывать пищу22. v складывать; скатывать23. v пойти в цвет, в стрелку24. n уст. сито; грохот25. v просеивать сквозь сито, грохотить; отсеивать26. v внимательно расследовать, рассматриватьСинонимический ряд:1. fastening (noun) fastening; latch; lock; padlock2. roll (noun) coil; curl; cylinder; package; roll; spindle; spiral; twist3. start (noun) jump; start; startle4. stroke of lightning (noun) flash; fulguration; lightning; massive discharge; sheet of lightning; shock; stroke; stroke of lightning; thunderbolt; thunderclap; thunderstroke5. threaded metal rod (noun) brad; coupling; lag screw; metal rod; nail; peg; pin; rivet; spike; threaded metal rod6. exclaim (verb) blat; blurt out; cry out; ejaculate; exclaim7. gulp (verb) consume; cram; devour; englut; engorge; gobble; gulp; guzzle; ingurgitate; slop; slosh; wolf8. run (verb) boil; bustle; charge; chase; dart; dash; escape; flee; fling; flit; fly; get out; hasten; hurry; lash; make off; pelt; race; rocket; run; rush; sail; scamper; scoot; scurry; shoot; skedaddle; skip; skirr; sprint; tear9. start (verb) jump; spring; start; startle -
14 Hunter, John
SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology[br]b. 14 (registered 13) February 1728 East Kilbride, Lanarkshire, Scotlandd. 16 October 1793 London, England[br]Scottish surgeon and anatomist, pioneer of experimental methods in medicine and surgery.[br]The younger brother of William Hunter (1718–83), who was of great distinction but perhaps of slightly less achievement in similar fields, he owed much of his early experience to his brother; William, after a period at Glasgow University, moved to St George's Hospital, London. In his later teens, John assisted a brother-in-law with cabinet-making. This appears to have contributed to the lifelong mechanical skill which he displayed as a dissector and surgeon. This skill was particularly obvious when, after following William to London in 1748, he held post at a number of London teaching hospitals before moving to St George's in 1756. A short sojourn at Oxford in 1755 appears to have been unfruitful.Despite his deepening involvement in the study of comparative anatomy, facilitated by the purchase of animals from the Tower menagerie and travelling show people, he accepted an appointment as a staff surgeon in the Army in 1760, participating in the expedition to Belle Isle and also serving in Portugal. He returned home with over 300 specimens in 1763 and, until his appointment as Surgeon to St George's in 1768, was heavily involved in the examination of this and other material, as well as in studies of foetal testicular descent, placental circulation, the nature of pus and lymphatic circulation. In 1772 he commenced lecturing on the theory and practice of surgery, and in 1776 he was appointed Surgeon-Extraordinary to George III.He is rightly regarded as the founder of scientific surgery, but his knowledge was derived almost entirely from his own experiments and observations. His contemporaries did not always accept or understand the concepts which led to such aphorisms as, "to perform an operation is to mutilate a patient we cannot cure", and his written comment to his pupil Jenner: "Why think. Why not trie the experiment". His desire to establish the aetiology of gonorrhoea led to him infecting himself, as a result of which he also contracted syphilis. His ensuing account of the characteristics of the disease remains a classic of medicine, although it is likely that the sequelae of the condition brought about his death at a relatively early age. From 1773 he suffered recurrent anginal attacks of such a character that his life "was in the hands of any rascal who chose to annoy and tease him". Indeed, it was following a contradiction at a board meeting at St George's that he died.By 1788, with the death of Percival Pott, he had become unquestionably the leading surgeon in Britain, if not Europe. Elected to the Royal Society in 1767, the extraordinary variety of his collections, investigations and publications, as well as works such as the "Treatise on the natural history of the human teeth" (1771–8), gives testimony to his original approach involving the fundamental and inescapable relation of structure and function in both normal and disease states. The massive growth of his collections led to his acquiring two houses in Golden Square to contain them. It was his desire that after his death his collection be purchased and preserved for the nation. It contained 13,600 specimens and had cost him £70,000. After considerable delay, Par-liament voted inadequate sums for this purpose and the collection was entrusted to the recently rechartered Royal College of Surgeons of England, in whose premises this remarkable monument to the omnivorous and eclectic activities of this outstanding figure in the evolution of medicine and surgery may still be seen. Sadly, some of the collection was lost to bombing during the Second World War. His surviving papers were also extensive, but it is probable that many were destroyed in the early nineteenth century.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1767. Copley Medal 1787.Bibliography1835–7, Works, ed. J.F.Palmer, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London.MG
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